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Christian Theodore Pedersen (23 December 1876 – 20 June 1969) was a Norwegian-American seaman, whaling captain and fur trader active in Alaska, Canada, and the northern Pacific from the 1890s to the 1930s. He was called "one of the canniest old skippers in the western arctic" by a contemporary.〔Downes 1983 p 247〕 ==Biography== Pedersen, known as Theodore to his friends 〔Steffanson〕 and usually as C.T. Pedersen for business, was born 23 December 1876 in Sandefjord, Norway.〔''Social Security Death Index''〕〔Alaska State Library〕 He left on his first whaling voyage at age 17; by 1908 he was captain of the schooner ''Challenge'' which wintered in the arctic at Herschel island. He was captain of the schooner ''Elvira'' in 1912.〔National Maritime Digital Library〕〔Kitikmeot Heritage Society〕 Pedersen was associated with the early stages of the Canadian Arctic Expedition under Vilhjalmur Stefansson whom he had known since 1906. He helped select the steam brigantine ''Karluk'' for the expedition and sailed it from San Francisco to Victoria, British Columbia. He resigned before the ship was outfitted and was replaced by Robert Bartlett.〔Consortium Library (a)〕〔Jeness pp 6, 146〕〔Diubaldo〕〔National Maritime Digital Library〕 Pedersen then returned to the ''Elvira'' for whaling and trading in the arctic in 1913. In August 1913, the ''Elvira'' was frozen in and damaged by ice near Icy Reef west of Demarcation Point on Alaska's arctic coast (east of Kaktovik, Alaska and west of the Canadian border). The ship was further damaged by a storm to the point that Pedersen and her crew were forced to abandon her and seek refuge aboard the ''Belvedere''. Pedersen and Olaf Swenson of the ''Belvedere'' traveled overland by foot and dogsled to Fairbanks to carry news and arrange relief supplies for the crews on the ''Belvedere''. Sources differ on whether Pederson was owner as well as captain of the ''Elvira''.〔Kitikmeot Heritage Society〕〔Swenson pp103-117〕〔Minerals Management Service〕〔Tacoma Public Library a.〕〔National Maritime Digital Library〕 Pedersen then signed on as captain of the whaling and trading ship ''Herman'' for the H. Liebes Company of San Francisco. The 1914 voyage of the ''Herman'' was the subject of a motion picture by Dr. L. Lawrence, a videotape copy of which is held by the University of Alaska. In the course of this voyage, the ''Herman'' picked up Captain Robert Bartlett at Emma Harbor, Siberia and transported him to St. Michael, Alaska where Bartlett transmitted to Ottawa the news that the ''Karluk'' had been crushed in the ice and the survivors were marooned on Wrangel Island off the northern coast of Siberia.〔Kitikmeot Heritage Society〕〔Consortium Library (b)〕〔Swenson pp 118-119〕〔Bartlett〕 Pedersen married May Olive Jordan (5/11/1893-4/22/1982), a Canadian nurse, sometime about 1921. Subsequently, she accompanied him on many arctic trips and provided medicines and health services to the natives at their stops.〔Alaska State Library〕〔Breynat〕〔California Death Index〕 They had one son. Pedersen had several children from previous relationships including sons Ted and Walter who were well-known Alaskans. Pedersen resigned from H. Liebes Company in 1923 and went into business on his own account with the schooner ''Ottillie Fjord'', which was refitted with an engine and operated as the motor schooner ''Nanuk'' in 1924 and 1925.〔National Maritime Digital Library〕〔Tacoma Public Library (b)〕 The business was incorporated as the Northern Whaling and Trading Company. A Canadian subsidiary, the Canalaska Trading Company, operated two small trading schooners with the goods transferred at Herschel Island. The company established trading posts throughout the Kitikmeot region of Canada. After 1925 the ''Nanuk'' was replaced by the larger ''Patterson'', formerly a USCGS survey ship. The ''Nanuk'' was sold to the Swenson Fur Trading Company in 1927.〔Kitikmeot Heritage Society〕〔Tacoma Public Library (b)〕 Besides establishing fixed trading posts, Pederson developed a strategy of offering small schooners for trappers. These were built to order in California and carried to the arctic on the Patterson. The last of these schooners, ''North Star of Herschel Island'', delivered in 1936, is now in private hands in Victoria, BC.〔Macdonald〕 Canalaska was sold to the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1936; Pedersen retired from the sea but continued to be involved in the fur trade as a business owner. Pedersen’s trading voyage in 1935 was filmed by his son Ted and videotapes derived from that film are in the collection of the University of Alaska. That archive also has a substantial collection of Pedersen's business records.〔Consortium Library (a,b)〕〔Kitikmeot Heritage Society〕〔Browness〕 Pedersen was killed by intruders in his Pacifica, San Mateo County, California home on 20 June 1969. His wife was also beaten; she survived but sustained severe injuries and did not live independently again. Two escaped convicts found hiding on the premises were arrested in the crime.〔Los Angeles Times〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christian Theodore Pedersen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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